Suitability of ignition source “exploding wire” for determination of dust explosion characteristics in the 20-L-sphere

Several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-L-sphere (also known as SIWEK Chamber) according to international standards. Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of such igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative could be an ignition source which is known as “exploding wire” or “fuse wire”. The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics “Maximum Explosion Pressure” and “Maximum Rate of Explosion Pressure Rise” of five selected dusts in the 20-L-sphere. In addition to that the ignition mechanisms of both ignition sources were analyzed by high speed camera recordings and the ignition energy was determined with electric and calorimetric recordings. The paper shows results of measurements of the ignition energy of both ignition sources as well as sequences of the flame propagation.     

Comparative study on standardized ignition sources used for explosion testing

For the determination of safety characteristics of gases, vapors and dusts different types of ignition sources are used in international standards and guidelines. The paper presents test results of a comparative calorimetric and visual study between four different types of ignition sources. The ignition procedures were analyzed visually with a high-speed camera and electric recordings. In addition to that, the influence of the electrode-orientation, -distance as well as ignition energy on the reproducibility of the exploding wire igniter was tested.The exploding wire is already in use for standardized determination of safety characteristics of gases, first tests on the suitability of the exploding wire igniter for dust testing have been carried out but are not standardized yet. Using the exploding wire, the ignition energy can be varied from 2 J to 10 000 J (2 x 5000 J) and thus it could be used for gases, vapors, dusts and hybrid mixtures. Moreover it can be used at high initial pressures and it is the only ignition source with an easily measurable ignition energy release. Furthermore, it does not introduce another chemical reaction into the system.Finally, a proposal for a standard ignition source for explosion tests on hybrid mixtures is derived from the test results.     

人体静电作用下桥丝火工品发火概率计算

应用有限元方法,通过算例模拟了桥丝式电火工品（EED）静电发火的三维温度场,并采取统计方法估算了火工品临界发火温度;结合可靠性理论应力一强度模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法,计算了EED在人体静电作用下的发火概率;最后分析了各因素对火工品发火概率的影响。结果表明,人体静电电压是影响桥丝式EED发火概率的最主要因素,EED在人体静电作用下的发火概率高达17．1％。     

小断面锚网支护工作面上下隅角安全问题的探讨

利用事故树对小断面锚网支护方式下,上下隅角的安全问题进行了分析,求出了最小割集和基本事件的结构重要度,提出了防止事故的方案,并在现场应用中取得了良好的效果。     

多层丝网结构抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的数学模型

在多层金属丝网结构对瓦斯爆炸传播的抑制作用机理上建立了多层丝网结构抑燃抑爆的数学模型,表述了火焰传播参数、爆炸反应波参数与丝网结构参数之间的关系.     

预应力锚索与锚杆在深基坑支护中的联合应用

结合现有的基坑土钉支护设计规范,通过合理分析计算,介绍了贵阳某综合楼基坑支护中预应力锚索锚杆联合支护方案。实践证明,在岩体破碎和地下水资源较丰富的条件下,该类型支护方案能取得较好的效果。     

环境监测适用的自动气象站

介绍了采用美国达拉斯 (Dallas)半导体公司近年推出的单总线技术研制的自动气象站 ,它很适用于对地面气象参数的监测。论述了用单总线技术改造原来人工监测的实施方案。该系统也可广泛用于关心气象信息的各种部门     

一种门窗五金件用冷轧窄带钢的轧制新工艺

详细介绍了一种用圆钢线材经处理 ,轧制、热处理、精轧成门窗五金件生产用圆盘窄带钢的新生产工艺和设备 ,以提高窄带钢轧制精度、表面质量 ,减少设备投资 ,同时介绍了国内外的应用情况。     

钨合金棒材无模流变成形有限元分析

采用刚塑性有限元法分析钨合金棒材无模流变成形变形区速度场、应力场及变形力。收敛条件采用总能量泛函收敛准则、速度收敛准则、节点力不平衡量收敛准则的 3个条件同时满足的收敛判定。给出钨合金棒材无模流变成形力能参数的数值解。变形力理论计算值与实验结果相吻合 ,相对误差小于 10 %。